Probability Amplitude
In quantum mechanics, probability amplitude is a complex number that describes the probability of a quantum system to be in a certain state. It is obtained by taking the inner product of the state vector with the eigenstate of the observable being measured. The square of the absolute value of the probability amplitude gives the probability of finding the system in that state upon measurement. Probability amplitudes can be added and subtracted to obtain the probability amplitude of a composite system, and can interfere constructively or destructively. This interference is the basis of quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement.
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