Cryptographic Hash Functions

Cryptographic hash functions are mathematical algorithms that take input data of any size and produce a fixed-size output, called a hash value or message digest. The output is unique to the input data, and even a small change in the input data will result in a completely different hash value. Cryptographic hash functions are used in data security to ensure the integrity and authenticity of data. They are commonly used in digital signatures, password storage, and data verification. A good cryptographic hash function should be one-way, meaning it should be impossible to derive the input data from the hash value, and collision-resistant, meaning it should be difficult to find two different input data that produce the same hash value.
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