Z-score
Z-score, also known as standard score, is a statistical measure that indicates how many standard deviations an observation or data point is from the mean of a dataset. It is calculated by subtracting the mean from the observation and then dividing the result by the standard deviation. Z-scores are commonly used in data science to identify outliers and to compare observations from different datasets that may have different scales or units of measurement. A positive Z-score indicates that the observation is above the mean, while a negative Z-score indicates that the observation is below the mean. A Z-score of 0 indicates that the observation is equal to the mean. Z-scores can also be used to calculate probabilities and to perform hypothesis testing.
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