Media Access Control (MAC)
Media Access Control (MAC) is a protocol used in computer networking to control access to a shared communication medium. It is a sublayer of the Data Link layer in the OSI model. MAC addresses are unique identifiers assigned to network interfaces for communications on the physical network segment. The MAC protocol determines how devices in a network gain access to the medium and how they know when they can transmit data. There are two types of MAC protocols: contention-based and controlled access. Contention-based protocols allow devices to transmit data whenever they want, but collisions may occur if two devices transmit at the same time. Controlled access protocols require devices to request permission before transmitting data, which reduces the likelihood of collisions. Ethernet is an example of a MAC protocol that uses a contention-based approach.
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