Histone Modification
Histone modification refers to the covalent post-translational modification of histone proteins that make up nucleosomes, the basic unit of chromatin. These modifications can alter the chromatin structure and regulate gene expression, DNA replication, and repair. Histone modifications include acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, and ADP-ribosylation. These modifications are catalyzed by specific enzymes and can be dynamic, reversible, and context-dependent. Histone modification patterns are associated with different cellular processes and diseases, and can be used as epigenetic markers for diagnosis and therapy. Histone modification analysis is a key technique in epigenetics research and involves various methods such as chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), ChIP-seq, ChIP-chip, and mass spectrometry.
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