DNA Methylation
DNA methylation is a process of adding a methyl group to the DNA molecule, which can modify gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. It is an epigenetic mechanism that plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression, cell differentiation, development, and disease. DNA methylation occurs at CpG sites, where a cytosine nucleotide is followed by a guanine nucleotide in the DNA sequence. Aberrant DNA methylation patterns have been associated with various diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, and autoimmune diseases. DNA methylation can be detected and quantified using various techniques, such as bisulfite sequencing, methylation-specific PCR, and microarray analysis.
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