Censored Observations
Censored observations refer to data points that are incomplete or partially missing due to some external factors. In statistical analysis, censored observations occur when the true value of a variable is not known but only a lower or upper bound is known. This can happen due to various reasons such as limitations in measurement instruments, data collection process, or ethical considerations. Censored observations are commonly encountered in survival analysis, where the event of interest may not have occurred for some subjects by the end of the study period. In such cases, the data is said to be right-censored. Similarly, left-censored data occurs when the event of interest has already occurred before the study period and the exact time of the event is unknown. Truncated data is another type of incomplete data where some observations are missing due to a selection process. Censored observations require specialized statistical techniques such as survival analysis, maximum likelihood estimation, and Bayesian methods to handle the missing data and make valid inferences.
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