Huffman Coding

Huffman coding is a lossless data compression algorithm that assigns variable-length codes to characters based on their frequency of occurrence in the input. The more frequent a character is, the shorter its code. This algorithm is widely used in data compression applications such as zip files, image compression, and video compression. The Huffman coding algorithm works by building a binary tree of nodes that represent the characters in the input. The tree is built in a bottom-up manner, starting with the least frequent characters and combining them into larger nodes until the root node is reached. The codes for each character are then determined by traversing the tree from the root to the leaf node that represents the character.
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