Semaphores

In data science and artificial intelligence, semaphores are a synchronization tool used to control access to shared resources in a concurrent system. A semaphore is a variable that is used to signal between processes or threads to avoid race conditions and ensure that only one process or thread can access a shared resource at a time. Semaphores can be used to implement critical sections, where only one process or thread can execute a particular piece of code at a time. They can also be used to implement locks, where a process or thread must acquire a semaphore before accessing a shared resource and release it when finished. Semaphores can be either binary or counting. Binary semaphores have two states, locked and unlocked, while counting semaphores have a value that can be incremented or decremented.
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